Language and gender

Dominate a conversation by topic initiation, topic shifts, holding the floor, lack of turn-yielding clues, interrupting and generally speaking more.	More submissive in a conversation and likely to speak less. Unlikely to interrupt, initiate or change topics or attempt to hold the floor.
Use a more informal register through their use of accent, taboo, slang, dialect, sociolect and grammatical variations. Likely to use covert prestige to sustain a masculine identity.	More likely to use overt prestige to help create a feminine identity and succumb to stereotypes on how a ‘lady-like’ woman should talk (more formal lexis and less phonological variations).
More likely to be factual, competitive, direct and detached when speaking while maintaining a need for status.	More likely to be supportive, cooperative, polite, apologetic and emotional when speaking.

Word classes

Content words
A content word is a word that displays meaning (Team, Italy, Dining, Hotel)
Open word classes
Refers to the category of content words, the number of them can expand  (Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs)
Closed word classes
Made up of a finite set of words (prepositions, determiners and conjunctions)
Common noun
Any person, place or thing (student, teacher, college)
Abstract nouns
An abstract noun is a noun that you cannot sense, no physical existence, emotions, ideas (love, power, truth, joy)
Proper noun
The name of a particular person, place or thing (Julie, Mr Smith, London)
Collective noun
Name of a group of people or things all of one type (government, staff, team)
Verbs
An action state or occurrence (be, drive, grow, sing, think, walk)
Adjective
Naming an attribute/description of a noun (sweet, red, big, talented, tidy)
Adverb
How an action is done, modifies the verb, shows relationship to previous sentence (happily, recently, luckily, soon)
Pronoun
Stands in place of a noun (I, me, you, they, them, ours, theirs, this, that)
Prepositions
Links noun to rest of sentence, preposition +verb = phrasal verb (In, on, over, under, along, at, with)
Determiners
Determine the noun ( A dog, my dog, this dog, the dog)
Conjunctions
Connecting clauses (and, if, but, or, because, although)
Auxiliaries
(was, don't, might, do, does, did, have, has, had, am, am, is, was, were)
Modal auxiliaries
Outcome, ability, or permission (must, may, might, can, could, will, would)

Michael Rosen and Dr Laura Wright: The Top 20 Words in English

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06z2pmp


Summary:

Useful revision resources

Language and gender: http://revisionworld.com/a2-level-level-revision/english-language/language-and-gender/gender-conversation-analysis-framework
Essay writing: http://revisionworld.com/gcse-revision/english/essay-writing-tips
Child language acquisition: http://revisionworld.com/a2-level-level-revision/english-language/child-language-acquisition/beginnings-language-development
Terminology: https://quizlet.com/97623/english-language-as-level-terms-flash-cards/
http://www.thefword.org.uk/2011/03/men_and_women_a/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0t1PR4wx8I
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBaD0QDJY4A
https://prezi.com/z6lg_ymisgnc/copy-of-deficit-difference-and-dominance-theroies/
http://www.universalteacher.org.uk/lang/gender.

Two forms of text on the same topic

Forum: https://community.tes.com/threads/new-curvy-barbie.732099/

Article: http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/jan/28/curvy-barbie-is-it-the-end-of-the-road-for-the-thigh-gap

Michael Rosen and linguist Dr Laura Wright: Taking turn in conversation

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06zryhp

How do we learn to take turns in conversation?

• 200 millisecond gap between taking turns (fifth of a second)
• shortest human response time
• 600milliseconds to name a picture
• predicting what the other persons going to say
• preparing before they finish talking
• rising intonations
• Multitasking -preparing answer and listening at the same time
• 15000 times a day
• saying no(negative response) - takes longer than saying yes because its harder
• Predictions use grammar, collocations e.g inland ----- revenue
• cues given early in questions lead to quicker answers compared to cues given 
• Learn turn-taking at 3 months (reciprocity) 600 milliseconds

Michael Rosen and Dr Laura Wright: Slang

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06wd268

What is slang? where does it come from?